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Practice tools

How to extract the salient points from a published clinical study

May 2012

There are millions of studies published in the medical literature each year. Being able to identify which ones are of the highest quality and most relevant to your own clinical practice is a useful skill to develop

How to prevent and manage postoperative nausea and vomiting

March 2012

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is common. Prophylactic antiemetics should be administered before surgery and, if symptoms occur despite this, treatment targeting a different receptor can also be given

How to identify and treat adults with iron deficiency anaemia

February 2012

Iron deficiency anaemia is a common condition that can be caused by low dietary intake of iron, reduced absorption, increased metabolic demand or blood loss. The mainstay of treatment is iron replacement

How to identify and manage diabetic ketoacidosis in adults

December 2011

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a life-threatening condition, treatment of which involves fluid administration and continuous insulin infusions

How to screen people for possible depression

October 2011

Pharmacists working in any setting, but particularly in community pharmacy, can do much to raise the profile of good mental health

How to screen prescriptions for adults taking antiretroviral drugs

July/August 2011

Tackling a prescription for a patient with HIV might seem daunting for non-specialist pharmacists, but by following some basic steps you can ensure the prescribed regimen is accurate and safe to dispense

How to conduct a clinical audit

May 2011

Clinical audit is undergoing a process of reinvigoration and its profile has never been higher. What do you need to know to carry one out so that it achieves its aim of improving patient care?

How to interpret arterial blood gas results

March 2011

Understanding acid-base balance and interpreting arterial blood gas results can be complex, but they are useful skills for clinical pharmacists

How to reduce medicines waste

January 2011

The need for efficiency savings in the NHS?means that all departments will be looking for ways to cut costs. Reducing medicines waste is one way that pharmacy teams can help control drug spending

How to select a wound dressing

November 2010

Some dressings are classed as pharmaceuticals, yet many pharmacists do not feel confident providing wound-care advice. This article offers some tips on how to select an appropriate dressing

How to write an article about your work (and get it published)

September 2010

Writing an article about a service or an initiative is a good way to share what you have done. Without trying to present the work as a piece of research, you can communicate your message with creativity

How to screen an antibiotic prescription

June 2010

You are new to the ward and many of your patients are prescribed antibiotics. Here are some tips to help you check the therapy is apt

How to approach a medicines query relating to breastfeeding

April 2010

Questions regarding a medicine’s suitability for breastfeeding mothers are often directed at pharmacists. Two MI pharmacists who specialise in this field share their approach to addressing such queries

How to prepare for and contribute to a consultant's ward round

February 2010

Do you spend hours scouring patient notes to determine the indication for a prescribed medicine or chasing doctors to correct prescribing errors? Perhaps you should join the consultant’s ward round.

How to use "trigger drugs" to help identify adverse medication events

December 2009

Although increasing numbers of adverse medication events are being reported to the National Patient Safety Agency, many such occurrences still go unreported. Is there more pharmacists could be doing? 

How to interpret spirometry readings

October 2009

Spirometry is necessary for correctly diagnosing patients with respiratory disorders, such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. But spirometry alone cannot ensure the assessment is accurate. 

How to interpret liver function tests

September 2009

Patients with abnormal liver function tests are encountered commonly by pharmacists. It is therefore helpful to know how to amend patients’ treatments and when such amendments might be necessary. 

How to ensure the correct inhaler device is selected for each patient 

July/August 2009

Guidance for choosing the right inhaled medicine for respiratory diseases is plentiful, but advice on choosing an inhaler device is sparse. This article looks at how to decide which device is appropriate.

How to treat a patient whose INR is too high

June 2009

Pharmacists have the skills to identify patients whose INRs are too high. It is also useful to know how to deal with such situations.

How to avoid the pitfalls associated with continuous IV insulin infusions

May 2009

“Sliding scale” insulin infusions are commonplace in hospitals. This article offers some tips to help clinical pharmacists ensure potential mishaps around continuous intravenous insulin are avoided.

How to approach prescriptions for patients with renal impairment

April 2009

Clinical pharmacists regularly encounter patients with compromised renal function. A basic understanding of renal disease is necessary to ensure prescriptions for such patients are appropriate. 

How to manage breakthrough pain

March 2009

Many people with chronic pain suffer unnecessarily because their analgesic needs are poorly met. This article explains how to calculate appropriate breakthrough doses for patients with opioid-sensitive pain.

How to interpret electrocardiograms

February 2009

An electrocardiogram can sometimes reveal problems with a patient’s medicines. Basic interpretation of ECGs is a useful skill for clinical pharmacists working in secondary care to acquire. 

How to take an accurate medication history when a patient is admitted

January 2009

Obtaining an accurate medication history is an essential part of medicines reconciliation. This PRACTICE TOOL looks at how to find out what patients are really taking when they are admitted to hospital.